AC-TH与TCH方案对HER-2过表达乳癌新辅助化疗效果比较

    马腾 史亚飞 马天怡 王海波

    

    

    

    [摘要] 目的

    比較AC-TH方案(表柔比星、环磷酰胺序贯多西他赛及曲妥珠单抗)与TCH方案(多西他赛、卡铂联合曲妥珠单抗)新辅助化疗对人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)过表达乳癌的近期疗效以及不良反应。

    方法 AC-TH方案新辅助化疗HER-2阳性乳癌病人35例,TCH方案新辅助化疗HER-2阳性乳癌病人26例,观察并比较两组新辅助化疗效果及不良反应。

    结果 AC-TH组总有效(OR)率、临床完全缓解(cCR)率、病理完全缓解(pCR)率分别为91.4%、31.4%、25.7%,TCH组OR率、cCR率、pCR率分别为80.8%、50.0%、38.5%,两组比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。两组病人骨髓抑制、心脏毒性及其他不良反应差异无显著性(P>0.05);AC-TH组病人化疗后左心室射血分数较TCH组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(t=2.112,P<0.05)。

    结论 HER-2过表达乳癌的新辅助化疗中,AC-TH方案与TCH方案近期疗效相当,但TCH方案心脏功能损害较小。

    [关键词] 乳房肿瘤;放化疗,辅助;人类表皮生长因子受体2;治疗结果

    [中图分类号] R739.9

    [文献标志码] A

    [文章编号] 2096-5532(2021)03-0365-04

    doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2021.57.119

    [开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)]

    [网络出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20210628.1618.001.html;2021-06-29 09:48:36

    CLINICAL EFFECT OF AC-TH REGIMEN VERSUS TCH REGIMEN AS NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY FOR HUMAN EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER

    MA Teng, SHI Yafei, MA Tianyi, WANG Haibo

    (Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Disease, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China)

    [ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the short-term efficacy and toxicity of AC-TH regimen (epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel and trastuzumab) versus TCH regimen (trastuzumab combined with docetaxel and carboplatin) as the neoadjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive breast cancer.

    Methods A total of 35 patients with HER-2-positive breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with AC-TH regimen and 26 patients with HER-2-positive breast cancer received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with TCH regimen, and the two groups were compared in terms of the efficacy and toxicity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

    Results There were no significant differences between the AC-TH group and the TCH group in overall response rate, clinical complete response rate, and pathologic complete response rate (91.4%/31.4%/25.7% vs 80.8%/50.0%/38.5%, P>0.05). There were no significant differences in bone marrow suppression, cardioto-

    xicity, and other toxicities between the two groups (P>0.05), and compared with the TCH group, the AC-TH group had a signi-

    ficant reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction after chemotherapy (t=2.112,P<0.05).

    Conclusion As the neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER-2-positive breast cancer, AC-TH regimen is comparable to TCH regimen in terms of short-term efficacy, while TCH regimen has little cardiac damage.

    [KEY WORDS]breast neoplasms; chemoradiotherapy, adjuvant; human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; treatment outcome

    新辅助化疗是近年来乳癌治疗革命性的进展,美国乳房与肠道外科辅助治疗研究组及国内外多项随机试验结果均证实新辅助化疗可行[1-5]。目前,临床针对人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)阳性、三阴性以及肿瘤负荷大或具有高复发风险的乳癌病人,选择术前新辅助化疗已经成为共识[6],其中对于HER-2阳性乳癌,AC-TH(蒽环类药物、环磷酰胺序贯紫杉类药物及曲妥珠单抗)及TCH(紫杉类药物、卡铂联合曲妥珠单抗)方案均为指南推荐的方案[7-8]。但关于这两种方案对HER-2过表达乳癌病人新辅助化疗的短期疗效及不良反应是否存在差异尚不清楚。本研究观察并比较TCH与AC-TH方案对HER-2过表达乳癌病人新辅助化疗的效果和不良反应,现报告如下。

    1 资料与方法

    1.1 一般资料

    2017年6月—2019年1月,选取于青岛大学附属医院乳腺病诊疗中心接受新辅助化疗的HER-2阳性乳癌病人61例,均为女性,年龄31~68岁,中位年龄52岁。其中完成AC-TH方案新辅助化疗35例,TCH方案新辅助化疗26例。病人纳入标准:①术前经空心针穿刺、乳房包块病理检查确诊为HER-2阳性乳癌,且包块直径>2 cm;②经全身CT及骨扫描检测确认肿瘤无远处转移;③术前初始新辅助化疗为TCH或AC-TH方案;④治疗期间相关评价完整;⑤新辅助化疗结束后接受乳癌改良根治术,术后组织病理疗效评价完整。两组病人一般资料比较差异无统计学意义 (P>0.05)。见表1。

    1.2 治疗方法

    1.2.1 TCH组 多西他赛 75 mg/m2静脉滴注,第1天;卡铂的AUC取6 mg/(mL·min),静脉滴注,第1天;曲妥珠单抗静脉滴注,首次8 mg/kg,随后6 mg/kg,第1天。每3周为1个周期,共6周期。

    1.2.2 AC-TH组 多柔比星 60 mg/m2静脉滴注,前4周期每个化疗周期的第1天;环磷酰胺600 mg/m2静脉滴注,前4周期每个化疗周期的第1天;多西他赛75 mg/m2静脉滴注,后4周期每个化疗周期的第1天;曲妥珠单抗静脉滴注首次为8 mg/kg,随后以6 mg/kg于后4周期每个化疗周期的第1天。每3周为1个周期,共8个周期。

    两组病人每周期化疗前均行血常规、血液生化、心电图、心脏超声等检查,评估有无新辅助化疗禁忌证。所有病人分别于化疗前 12、6 h 给予地塞米松口服,化疗前 0.5 h 给予苯海拉明(20 mg)和地塞米松(10 mg)肌注预防过敏,化疗同时使用保心、保肝、保胃等药物,化疗后酌情使用促粒细胞集落刺激因子。两组病人每周期化疗后通过查体和B超检查评价肿瘤大小,若发现肿瘤未缓解及时调整化疗方案或行手术治疗。新辅助化疗结束2~3周内进行手术治疗,手术方式为乳癌改良根治术。

    1.3 疗效评价方法

    化疗后采用乳房MRI测量肿瘤大小,按照世界卫生组织制定的实体瘤疗效评价标准评定疗效。临床完全缓解(cCR):临床检查肿瘤完全消失; 临床部分缓解(PR):肿瘤体积缩小≥50%;病情稳定(SD):肿瘤体积缩小<50%或增加<25%;疾病进展(PD):肿瘤体积增加≥25%或出现新病灶[9]。总有效(OR)=cCR+PR。病理完全缓解(pCR):病理检查手术标本中原发肿瘤区无癌细胞浸润,同时腋窝淋巴结未见转移。

    1.4 统计学处理

    应用SPSS 22.0软件进行统计学分析。计量资料采用±s表示,数据间比较采用t检验;分类资料比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率检验;等级资料比较使用秩和检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

    2 结? 果

    2.1 两组疗效比较

    AC-TH组和TCH组的OR率分别为91.4%(32/35)和80.8%(21/26),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组cCR率分别为31.4%(11/35)和50.0%(13/26),差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组pCR率分别为 25.7%(9/35)和 38.5%(10/26),差异无显著性(P>0.05)。

    2.2 两组不良反应比较

    两组病人均出现不同程度的恶心呕吐、腹泻、脱发、过敏反应等不良反应,均可耐受;AC-TH组与TCH组不良反应差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。经粒细胞集落刺激因子及促红细胞生成素支持治疗后,两组病人血常规恢复正常后继续治疗。两组心脏毒性不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但AC-TH组3例病人出现Ⅲ级心脏毒性;AC-TH组病人化疗后左心室射血分数(LVEF)较TCH组明显下降,差异有显著意义 (t=2.112,P<0.05)。见表3。

    3 讨? 论

    新辅助化疗又称术前化疗,是指恶性肿瘤病人手术前进行全身性、系统性的细胞毒性药物治疗,以缩小肿瘤体积使原发病灶降期,降低细胞活力,减少其播散的可能性,以消除全身微小转移灶,为手术创造有利条件。HER-2过表达乳癌具有生物学恶性度高、预后不良、生存期短等特点[10],HER-2阳性不仅是乳癌预后的高风险因素,同时也是治疗的关键靶点[11]。近年来曲妥珠单抗在乳癌辅助治疗和解救治疗中的应用逐渐成为常规,HER-2阳性乳癌病人的预后获得了明显改善[12]。相关研究结果显示,HER-2阳性病人新辅助化疗阶段应用曲妥珠单抗能够显著提高新辅助治疗效果[13-16]。2017年美国国立综合癌症网络(NCCN)及2018年中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)乳癌诊疗指南均推荐,以AC-TH及TCH方案作为HER-2阳性乳癌新辅助治疗的优选方案[7-8]。蒽环类细胞毒性药物是是乳癌新辅助化疗的基本药物,研究显示该类化疗药物的客观有效率(ORR)为50%~85%,pCR率为0~24%[17]。紫杉醇及多西紫杉醇也是乳癌新輔助化疗的有效药物,有研究结果显示,表柔比星联合环磷酰胺序贯多西他赛用于乳癌新辅助化疗的疾病缓解率、总有效率均较表柔比星联合环磷酰胺明显提高,pCR率提高近1倍[13,18]。

    目前,pCR已经成为评价乳癌新辅助化疗方案疗效最重要的指标[19]。本文研究结果显示,AC-TH组和TCH组pCR率分别为25.7%和38.5%,差异无统计学意义,提示两种方案新辅助化疗的近期疗效大致相当。但AC-TH组中的蒽环类药物与曲妥珠单抗均有心脏毒性[20-21]。国外有研究显示,同时接受蒽环类药物和曲妥珠单抗治疗的病人发生心力衰竭或心肌病的风险比单独使用蒽环类药物的病人高[22-23]。SLAMON等[24]中位随访3年研究发现,与阿霉素和环磷酰胺序贯多西他赛和曲妥珠单抗的AC-TH方案比较,曲妥珠单抗联合多西他赛和卡铂的TCH方案近期及远期疗效均相似,而心脏毒性反应却很少。COUDERT等[15]研究结果显示,化疗方案为多西他赛和(或)卡铂联合曲妥珠单抗,曲妥珠单抗术前为单周方案、术后为3周方案,临床cCR率、PR率、pCR率与含蒽环类药物的化疗方案相似,但心脏毒性却大大降低。

    本研究两组病人心脏毒性、骨髓抑制、脱发、恶心呕吐等不良反应差异无显著性。但值得注意的是,AC-TH组3例病人出现Ⅲ级心脏毒性,而TCH组未发现Ⅲ/Ⅳ级心脏毒性病人;且AC-TH组病人化疗后LVEF较TCH组明显下降。本文研究中所有不良反应经过对症处理均缓解,无病人因无法耐受化疗不良反应而停止化疗或死亡。

    综上所述,在HER-2过表达乳癌的新辅助化疗中,AC-TH方案与TCH方案的近期疗效相当,但TCH方案适应证更为宽泛,对于心脏功能存在潜在危险的新辅助化疗适应证病人,TCH方案安全性更好,值得临床推广。但本文研究样本量较小,且远期疗效尚在随访观察中,其结论的可靠性尚需进一步研究验证。

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    (本文編辑 黄建乡)