CGF联合骨代用品在美学区拔牙位点保存中的临床应用

    朱梅 孙强 邓佳蕴

    

    [摘要]目的:探討浓缩生长因子(Concentrate growth factors,CGF)联合骨代用品在美学区拔牙位点保存中的应用。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年1月在笔者医院接受美学区域拔牙且需行种植修复的患者52例(共52颗患牙),按随机数字表法将患者分为实验组和对照组,每组26例。两组均采用微创拔牙法,对照组拔牙后让拔牙窝自然愈合,实验组采用CGF位点保存联合Bio-Oss骨代用品修复。比较两组拔牙位点愈合、植骨及种植体保存情况和手术前后拔牙位点骨板高度及牙槽骨高度。结果:实验组患者拔牙位点植骨区均愈合良好,附着龈充足,外形丰满;对照组患者拔牙位点愈合良好,但牙槽嵴呈现不同程度的萎缩,且附着龈相对较窄。随访12个月,实验组未行植骨手术的比例明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。与术前比较,术后6个月对照组腭侧、唇侧骨板高度及两组牙槽骨高度均明显减小,实验组明显大于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);实验组种植修复体牙间乳头及龈缘高度均获得良好保存。结论:拔牙同期采用CGF联合骨代用品行拔牙位点保存,可降低骨增量手术比例,有效保存牙槽嵴顶宽度,提高术后美容效果,安全性高。

    [关键词]浓缩生长因子;骨代用品;美学区域;拔牙位点;保存;应用

    [中图分类号]R782.12 ? ?[文献标志码]A ? ?[文章编号]1008-6455(2019)11-0100-03

    Abstract: Objective ?To investigate the application of concentrated growth factor (CGF) combined with bone substitute in the preservation of extraction site in aesthetic area. Methods ?52 patients (52 teeth) who received dental extraction in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected and divided into the experiment group and the control group according to the random number table method, 26 cases in each group. Two groups were treated with minimally invasive extraction, the control group was naturally healed after tooth extraction, the experiment group was treated with CGF site preservation and Bio-Oss bone substitute. The situation of healing, bone graft and preservation of the implants of the extraction site, and the height of the bone plate, the width of the alveolar bone before and after the operation between the 2 groups were compared. Results ?In the experiment group, the bone grafting area of the extraction site healed well, the attachment was sufficient, and the shape was full, the extraction site of the control group healed well, but the alveolar ridge showed different degrees of atrophy and the attachment sputum was relatively narrow. After 12 months of follow-up, the proportion of no bone graft surgery in the experiment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with preoperative, the height of the temporal, labial bone plates and the height of the alveolar bone significantly decreased of the 2 groups 6 months after the operation, and the experiment group was significantly larger than the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). After 12 months of follow-up, the height of the interdental papilla and the rim of the experiment group preserved well. Conclusion ?CGF combined with bone substitute in the preservation of extraction site at simultaneous extraction of teeth can reduce the proportion of bone incremental surgery, effectively preserve the width of the alveolar dome, improve the cosmetic effect after surgery, and have high safety.

    骨代用品Bio-Oss是以去有机质的牛四肢骨为原料加工制成的与人骨非常相似的替代骨材料,亲水性强、生物相容性高、可塑性好,可促进成骨细胞附着成骨,引导新骨形成,且不易引起宿主过敏反应、炎性反应及免疫反应等,在骨缺损重建中有较好的应用价值,但可在一定程度上引起骨愈合延迟[10-11]。张晓鹏等[12]指出,CGF与骨代用品联合使用注入组织缺损处,可诱导骨组织生长,修补缺损,加速创口愈合。笔者将CGF剪成小块和Bio-Oss骨粉充分混合,既有CGF的骨诱导作用又有骨替代材料的支架作用,维持了拔牙位点的三维空间机构,不但加速了骨组织的愈合,还明显提高了愈合质量。本研究结果显示,两组患者拔牙位点均愈合良好,但实验组患者拔牙位点附着龈充足,外形丰满,而对照组患者牙槽嵴呈现不同程度的萎缩,附着龈相对较窄;随访12个月,实验组种植修复体牙间乳头及龈缘高度均获得良好保存,且实验组未行植骨手术比例明显高于对照组。提示拔牙同期采用CGF联合骨代用品行拔牙位点保存,可减少行骨增量和结缔组织移植患者比例,节省患者植骨费用,缩短治疗周期,为种植及术后美学效果创造有利条件。此外,由于CGF内含有大量白细胞,抗感染能力强。本研究实验组亦无感染、坏死情况,提示其安全性高。研究显示[13],为避免CGF膜过早吸收,造成骨粉流失,联合骨代用品行拔牙位点保存可更好地维持牙槽骨在三维方向的骨量,刺激角化龈组织形成,为后期种植修复创造良好的条件。笔者将CGF压制成膜并叠为两层,覆盖在已植入CGF和Bio-Oss混合物的拔牙位点表面,既保证了拔牙位点局部血供,又可维持膜龈联合的位置结构。本研究为了进一步证实CGF联合骨代用品在拔牙位点保存中的美学效果,特采用CBCT测量了拔牙位点骨板高度及牙槽骨高度变化,结果显示,与术前比较,术后对照组腭侧、唇侧骨板高度及两组牙槽骨高度均明显减小,而实验组明显大于对照组。说明拔牙同期采用CGF联合骨代用品行拔牙位点保存,对拔牙位点腭侧、唇侧骨板高度均无明显影响,术后6个月牙槽嵴宽度虽有所减少,但变化量仅为(0.49±0.10)mm,远远小于对照组的(2.23±0.65)mm,进一步证实拔牙同期采用CGF联合骨代用品行拔牙位点保存,可有效保存牙槽嵴顶宽度,提高术后美容效果。

    综上,拔牙同期采用CGF联合骨代用品行拔牙位点保存,可减少行骨增量和结缔组织移植患者比例,有效保存牙槽嵴顶宽度,提高术后美容效果,且安全性较高,但本研究样本量较小、随访时间较短,其长期美容效果仍需进行大样本的长期研究以证实。

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    [收稿日期]2019-02-15

    本文引用格式:朱梅,孙强,邓佳蕴,等.CGF联合骨代用品在美学区拔牙位点保存中的临床应用[J].中国美容医学,2019,28(11):100-103.