聚合瓷嵌体和铸瓷嵌体在后牙牙体缺损修复治疗中的应用研究

    段闪闪 汤玉龙

    

    

    [摘要]目的:探究聚合瓷嵌體和铸瓷嵌体在后牙牙体缺损修复治疗中的应用价值。方法:选择2017年1月-2018年1月安徽医科大学附属六安医院口腔科收治的后牙牙体缺损患者106例,以随机数字表法分为观察组(53例)和对照组(53例)。对照组予以铸瓷嵌体修复治疗,观察组予以聚合瓷嵌体修复治疗,两组修复后随访2年。观察两组2年后的修复结果,2年复查期间修复体折裂率、复查临床效果、不良反应,记录两组修复前、修复2年后的咀嚼功能及牙龈状况。结果:修复2年后,观察组修复成功率96.23%,显著高于对照组的81.13%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);2年后复查,观察组修复体折裂率0.00%,低于对照组的15.09%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组不良事件总发生率7.55%,低于对照组的26.42%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组咀嚼效率升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组菌斑指数、牙龈指数均降低,且观察组均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:铸瓷嵌体和聚合瓷嵌体在后牙牙体缺损患者修复治疗中临床效果相当,但后者修复成功率及安全性更高,可更好地改善患者咀嚼功能及牙龈状况,进而提高美观度,值得临床推广应用。

    [关键词]后牙牙体缺损;铸瓷嵌体;聚合瓷嵌体;咀嚼功能;牙龈状况;美观度

    [中图分类号]R783.4? [文献标志码]A? ?[文章编号]1008-6455(2020)12-0143-04

    Study on the Application of Polymer Ceramic Inlay and Cast Ceramic Inlay in the Restoration and Treatment of Posterior Teeth Defects

    DUAN Shan-shan,TANG Yu-long

    (Department of Stomatology,Lu'an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University,Lu'an 237005,Anhui,China)

    Abstract: Objective To explore the application value of polymer ceramic inlays and cast ceramic inlays in the treatment of posterior tooth defects. Methods From January 2017 to January 2018, 106 patients with posterior tooth defects admitted to the Department of Stomatology of Lu 'an Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University were selected and divided into the observation group (53 cases) and the control group (53 cases) by random number table method. The patients in the control group were treated with cast porcelain inlay restoration and the patients in the observation group were treated with polymeric porcelain inlay restoration. The two groups were followed up for 2 years after restoration. The repair results of the two groups after 2 years were observed, and the fracture rate, clinical effect and adverse reactions of the prosthesis during 2 years of reexamination were observed. The masticatory function and gingival condition before and 2 years after restoration were recorded. Results 2 years after the restoration, the success rate of repair in the observation group was 96.23%, significantly higher than 81.13% in the control group, and the difference was obviously significant (P<0.05). The fracture rate of prosthesis in the observation group was 0.00%, lower than 15.09% of that in the control group, and the difference was obviously significant (P0.05), but the total incidence rate of adverse events in the observation group was 7.55%, lower than 26.42% in the control group, and the difference was obviously significant (P<0.05). After 2 years of reexamination, masticatory efficiency of both groups increased, and the observation group was higher than the control group, and the difference was obviously significant (P<0.05). Plaque index and gingival index of the two groups decreased, and the observation group was lower than the control group, and the difference was obviously significant (P<0.05). Conclusion? Cast porcelain inlay and polymeric porcelain inlay have the same clinical effect in the restoration of posterior tooth defect patients, but the latter has higher success rate and safety, which can better improve the masticatory function and gingival condition of patients, and further improve the aesthetic degree, and is worthy of clinical promotion.

    2.3 两组2年复查临床效果和不良反应比较:修复2年后,两组临床效果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组不良事件总发生率7.55%,低于对照组的26.42%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.692,P=0.010),见表2~3。

    2.4 两组咀嚼功能比较:修复前,两组咀嚼效率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);修复2年后,两组咀嚼效率升高,且观察组均高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表4。

    2.5 两组牙龈状况比较:修复前,两组菌斑指数以及牙龈指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);修复2年后,两组菌斑指数、牙龈指数均降低,且观察组均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表5。

    3? 讨论

    对后牙牙体缺损患者而言,常规牙体缺损修复的充填方法很难达到理想的邻接关系,从而难以有效改善患者咀嚼功能[8]。根管治疗后进行修复成为后牙牙体缺损患者的常规疗法,可改善临床症状,并获得理想的恢复效果,疗效确切[9]。嵌体材料的选择成为当下研究的热点之一。传统的贵金属嵌体可干扰核磁共振检查结果,且其颜色与牙体颜色不一致,现已逐渐成为大多患者的第二选择。与牙体组织颜色接近的美学嵌体则逐渐受到青睐,包括瓷嵌体、树脂嵌体(聚合瓷嵌体)等,但两者各有优缺点[10-11]。

    本研究结果显示,观察组修复成功率高于对照组,2年后复查,两组临床效果比较无统计学差异,分析原因为本研究所用铸瓷嵌体(IPSEmpressII铸瓷)主晶相为二硅酸锂长晶体,挠曲强度较高,主要制作过程包括熔模制作、蜡型包埋、铸圈预热失蜡、高温融化及打磨等[12]。而聚合瓷嵌体主要成分为瓷化树脂,属于新型的修复体材料,可与树脂粘接剂较好地结合,有助于提高修复后边缘密合度[13]。此外,聚合瓷嵌体具有耐磨性、硬度高等优点,弹性模量与牙本质相似,患者在长期使用中不易出现牙隐裂、根折、崩瓷等并发症,有助于提高修复成功率[14]。本研究还发现,观察组修复体折裂率、不良事件总发生率均低于对照组,分析原因为,铸瓷嵌体具有脆性高、弹性模量高等缺点,同时抗张力、抗弯强度很低,若后牙牙体缺损患者咀嚼压力高时,容易发生折裂及崩瓷等并发症,使得修复后边缘密合度及修复体完整性等较差。

    后牙牙体缺损主要是由于龋齿、外伤等所致,严重影响患者咀嚼功能,若不及时充填修复,将破坏牙周微生态,甚至引起牙齿缺失[15]。本研究结果显示,修复2年后,两组咀嚼效率升高,且观察组均高于对照组;同时两组菌斑指数、牙龈指数均降低,且观察组均低于对照组,提示聚合瓷嵌体修复治疗可更好地改善患者咀嚼功能及牙龈状况,与葛一鸣等[16]研究所得结果相似。考慮原因为聚合瓷嵌体含有30%瓷化树脂、70%纳米级微瓷粒,有接近天然牙的良好的耐磨性,可保障修复体的稳定性,使得修复后咬合、咀嚼功能接近正常牙齿[17]。此外,聚合瓷嵌体里的瓷填料颗粒接近纳米级,使基质材料的耐久性及抗染色性等大幅度提高,不仅能达到理想的美容效果,且不易产生缝隙,出现食物残渣遗留、菌斑生长等情况,进而维持牙龈健康[18]。

    综上,铸瓷嵌体和聚合瓷嵌体在后牙牙体缺损患者修复治疗中临床效果相当,但后者修复成功率及安全性更高,可更好地改善患者咀嚼功能及牙龈状况,进而提高美容修复效果,值得临床推广。

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    [收稿日期]2020-03-13

    本文引用格式:段闪闪,汤玉龙.聚合瓷嵌体和铸瓷嵌体在后牙牙体缺损修复治疗中的应用研究[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(12):143-146.