基于灰度变化方向的指静脉特征检测算法

熊显名 唐绮雯 张文涛
关键词: 指静脉; 特征提取; 灰度变化; 方向检测; 四点法; 近红外; 生物识别
中图分类号: TN911.73?34; TP391.4 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文献标识码: A ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章编号: 1004?373X(2019)03?0061?04
Abstract: The current feature extraction method of figure vein has the problems of inaccurate line extraction, fractured characteristic texture, excessive noise and complicated extraction process. The near?infrared photoelectric transmissive vein acquisition method is used to collect the finger vein image. A four?point method is designed in the preprocessing stage to rapidly separate the vein region of the image from the background area. By analyzing the gray scale feature of the vein, the four?directional feature template detection operator perpendicular to the vein is designed to perform the feature extraction and experiment for the finger vein. The proposed algorithm can extract the feature line of vein quickly, and avoid the fracture problem of feature line, has simple extraction process and high efficiency, and the extraction speed of single vein line feature can reach up to 1.14 ms.
Keywords: finger vein; feature extraction; gray scale change; direction detection; four?point method; near infrared; biological recognition0 ?引 ?言
手指静脉作为人体内部生物特征,具有稳定性和唯一性,无生命迹象手指因血液凝固无法检测静脉。指静脉认证[1]作为一种非接触活体识别具有更高的安全性和抗伪率,在近年来的生物识别研究[2]领域中引起广泛重视。
由于指静脉图像采集装置[3]的特殊性,使指静脉图像在采集过程中易受诸多因素的影响,如手指旋转、移动、压力、传感器噪声等,造成采集静脉图像质量低,静脉特征提取[4?5]困难等问题。目前,常用的静脉纹路提取与分割算法分为基于阈值图像分割[6?7]和利用数学工具进行灰度分割[8]。文献[9]利用阈值图像法对手背静脉图像进行分割,此方法能够对信噪比低、光照不均的图像有较好的分割效果,缺点是容易丢失边界信息,后期需进行严谨滤波除噪。文献[10]提出重复线性跟踪法,此方法能够从不清晰静脉图像中提取出靜脉纹路,但提取过程复杂,不适用于较细静脉提取。
本文提出一种基于灰度变化方向的特征检测方法对手指静脉纹路进行提取,设计四点法对图像静脉区域与背景进行快速分离,利用灰度变化方向特征设计四方向模板算子对分离后图像进行静脉纹路提取,提取速度快且能有效克服纹路断裂及图像质量低带来的无法提取或提取结果不理想等问题。

图8a)~图8d)分别为本文选取的四个手指样本用本文预处理方法得到的指静脉预处理图,图8e)~图8h)为以上四个样本对应使用本文算法提取静脉特征的效果图。由图像可以看出,尽管预处理阶段存在光照不均、静脉分支不明显现象,但利用本文算法依然能得出有效且准确的静脉纹路。
4 ?结 ?语
本文提出一种基于灰度变化的方向特征检测算法对手指静脉纹路进行特征提取。首先设计了四点法对图像的静脉区域与背景区域进行快速分离,再利用灰度变化方向特征设计四方向模板检测算子对分离后静脉区域进行纹路分割与提取,提取速度快且能有效克服由于图像质量低带来的静脉无法提取或提取结果不理想等问题,降低了纹路特征断裂问题,提取单幅图像速度为1.14 ms,优于传统静脉特征提取算法。编写了基于VS2010平台+OpenCV软件操作平台进行处理,验证了算法提取静脉特征的有效性。
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