圆形皮肤扩张器在面部旁正中瘢痕修复中的应用

    朱逢源 张赛圣 刘华

    

    

    

    [摘要]目的:探讨应用圆形皮肤扩张器扩张皮瓣修复面部旁正中瘢痕的效果。方法:2014年1月至2019年5月收治面旁正中部瘢痕患者30例,于瘢痕外侧颧颊部埋置圆形皮肤扩张器,经注水扩张后,设计推进或异位扩张皮瓣修复面旁正中瘢痕。结果:30例患者完成扩张,注水扩张中3例发生感染经腔内灌洗引流控制,4例并发血肿行血肿清除术。30例面旁正中瘢痕成功修复,其中11例伴下睑外翻者完全矫正7例、改善4例;伴上唇外翻、口角歪斜、鼻翼畸形者均得到不同程度的改善。随访6~12个月,患者对瘢痕修复效果较满意。结论:选择圆形皮肤扩张器修复面旁正中瘢痕,皮肤利用率高、皮瓣设计方便、修复效果好。

    [關键词]瘢痕;面部;皮肤扩张术;圆形扩张器;面旁正中部位

    [中图分类号]R619+.6 ? ?[文献标志码]A ? ?[文章编号]1008-6455(2020)03-0079-03

    Abstract: Objective ?To explore the effect of using circular skin expander to expand skin flap to repair para-median facial scar. ?Methods ?From January 2014 to May 2019, 30 patients with para-median facial scar were treated. Circular skin expander was embedded in the zygomatic buccal region lateral to the scar, and after expansion by water injection, advanced or ectopic expansion flaps were designed to repair para-median facial scar. Results Dilatation was completed in 30 patients, infection was controlled by intracavitary lavage and drainage in 3 patients during water injection dilatation, and hematoma was removed in 4 patients with hematoma. 30 cases of para-median facial scar were successfully repaired, among which 11 cases with lower eyelid ectropion, 7 cases were completely corrected, and 4 cases were improved. The patients with upper lip valgus, Angle of mouth askew and alar alar deformity all got different degrees of improvement. Follow-up of 6 to 12 months, the patients were satisfied with the repair effect. Conclusion ?The circular skin expander can be used to repair the parafacial scar with high skin utilization rate, convenient flap design and good repair effect.

    Key words: scar; facial; skin expansion; circular expander; para-median facial

    皮肤扩张术是修复面部瘢痕运用广泛、效果较好的方法。面部旁正中部位是指位于下睑下方、鼻旁及鼻面沟区的近似倒三角区域[1]:其内侧边为眼内眦沿鼻旁、鼻面沟的延长线,外侧边为外眦向下所作的垂线,底边为下睑缘及向外侧的延长线(见图1)。面旁正中瘢痕可通过颧颊部皮肤扩张皮瓣转移修复,但是修复效果受到扩张器形状及大小、埋置部位、医生经验等多方面因素的影响,其中扩张器形状选择直接关系到皮肤扩张效率、皮瓣设计及修复效果。2014年1月-2019年5月笔者科室采用圆形扩张器修复面旁正中区瘢痕得到良好效果,报道如下。

    1 ?资料和方法

    1.1 临床资料:本组30例患者,男18例,女12例;年龄12~43岁;病程2~35年;瘢痕形成原因:火焰致伤18例,开水烫伤9例,化学烧伤3例;伴下睑外翻11例,上唇外翻、口角歪斜4例,鼻翼畸形3例。

    1.2 皮肤扩张器:圆形皮肤扩张器,广州万和整形材料厂出品,规格:100ml、120ml。

    1.3 方法

    1.3.1 皮肤扩张器置入:根据面旁正中区瘢痕范围选择圆形皮肤扩张器大小(100ml或120ml),在瘢痕区外侧的颧颊部标记扩张器埋置范围:内侧为瘢痕外侧缘、外侧为耳屏平面、上方标记在颞部发际线以内、外下方标记线勿越过下颌缘。切口设计在瘢痕外侧缘以内1cm瘢痕区,切口长约3cm。按切口线全层切开瘢痕皮肤,于皮下脂肪层锐性分离、边分离边以双极电凝止血,至标记埋置范围形成扩张器置入腔隙,以双氧水、生理盐水冲洗腔隙,仔细检查无活动出血后,先放置负压引流管1根,再置入皮肤扩张器,注水壶外置。分层关闭切口,检查负压引流形成可靠,即时向扩张器内注入生理盐水10~20ml。

    1.3.2 术后处置与注水扩张:术后常规抗感染及止血治疗,观察负压引流情况。术后3~5d引流液呈淡红色时拔出引流管。术后1周开始注水扩张,每周注水扩张2次,每次10~20ml。注水扩张2个月左右行二期手术。