云南汉族非综合征性唇腭裂与p53基因多态性的相关性研究

     邵帅 张莉 刘华

    

    

    

    [摘要]目的:分析p53基因单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点的多态性,探究云南汉族非综合征性唇腭裂与p53基因的相关性。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年12月于笔者医院就诊的非综合征性唇腭裂患儿100例为试验组,选取医院同期无先天性畸形正常患儿100例为对照组。采用Taqman探针荧光定量PCR法对p53基因的SNPs位点rs12947788和rs1042522进行基因分型,并用χ2检验和Logistic回归分析多态位点与非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性。结果:p53的基因SNPs位点rs12947788的等位基因变体A携带者(AA+GA vs GG)发生非综合征性唇腭裂的风险增加(OR=1.393,95%CI 1.030~1.884,P=0.032)。rs1042522(CC vs CG+GG)增加吸烟者母亲生下NSCL/P患儿的风险(OR=2.561,95% CI=1.146~5.721,P=0.022)。rs12947788(AA+GA vs GG)可明显增加有饮酒史母亲(OR=3.235,95%CI=1.158~9.040,P=0.025)生下NSCL/P患儿的风险。结论:云南汉族人群非综合征性唇腭裂与p53基因rs1042522、rs12947788多态具有一定的相关性。

    [关键词]非综合征性唇腭裂;抑癌基因p53;基因多态性;相关性

    Abstract: Objective? The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of p53 gene was analyzed to explore the correlation between p53 gene and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate of han nationality in yunnan province. Methods? A total of 100 children with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were selected as the experimental group, and 100 children without congenital malformation during the same period in our hospital were selected as the control group. Taqman probe fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to genotype p53 SNPs sites rs12947788 and rs1042522, and the correlation between polymorphism sites and non-syndromic cleft lip and palate was analyzed by χ2 test and logistic regression. Results? Carriers of allele A of p53 SNPs rs12947788 (AA+GA vs GG) have an increased risk of developing non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (OR=1.393, 95%CI 1.030~1.884, P=0.032). Rs1042522 (CC vs CG+GG) increased the risk of NSCL/P in children born to mothers of smokers (OR=2.561, 95% CI=1.146~5.721, P=0.022). Rs12947788 (AA+GA vs GG) significantly increased the risk of NSCL/P in children born to mothers with drinking history (OR=3.235, 95%CI=1.158~9.040, P=0.025). Conclusion? There is a certain correlation between non-syndromic cleft lip and palate and p53 gene rs1042522 and rs12947788 polymorphism in yunnan han population.

    Key words: nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate(NSCL/P); tumor suppressor gene p53; gene polymorphism; garrelation

    非綜合征性唇腭裂唇腭裂(Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL/P)是临床外科最常见的先天性出生缺陷之一,指不伴发其他系统器官畸形的不属于任何综合征性唇腭裂的唇裂、腭裂的总称[1-3]。非综合征性唇腭裂在世界范围内发病率约为1‰~2‰[4],中国地区的发病率约为1.42‰[5],位列我国新生儿出生缺陷病第2位,具有明显的种族和地域差异。NSCL/P是一种由多种因素造成的复杂疾病,学者们一般都认为是基因和环境共同作用下的结果,与妊娠期吸烟[6]、符合维生素补充[7]、饮酒[8]以及基因多态性[9]等因素密切相关。目前有大量关于基因多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂相关的研究,干扰素调节因子-6(Interferon regulatory factor-6,IRF-6)基因和5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase,MTHFR)基因是学者们最主要的研究对象[10-11]。p53基因是最早发现的人体抑癌基因中的一员,与人类恶性肿瘤关系密切,在人体发生恶性肿瘤时,50%以上的概率会出现p53基因的突变[12]。有研究表明[13-14],p53基因突变与多种系统性疾病有关。目前还没有关于p53基因与非综合征性唇腭裂相关性的研究,考虑到非综合征性唇腭裂与基因多态性因素的密切联系,本研究通过观察分析p53基因的SNPs位点rs12947788和rs1042522的基因分型,来探究p53基因与非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性关系,以期为临床疾病预测提供可靠理论依据。

    3? 讨论

    唇腭裂作为一种最常见的颌面部先天畸形之一,根据是否伴有其他先天性畸形可以分为综合征性唇腭裂(Syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,SCL/P)和非综合征性唇腭裂(Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate,NSCL/P)[15-16]。有研究表明SCL/P是单基因遗传疾病,而NSCL/P的发病机制则较为复杂,且有较多研究证明NSCL/P的病因与多种因素有关。国外有一项研究表明[17-18],NSCL/P不符合孟德尔遗传定律,证明NSCL/P的发生发展受遗传和环境两种因素共同影响。截止目前,国内外已发现有十几个基因与NSCL/P的发生发展有关。

    人体抑癌基因p53是目前国内外被研究的最多的肿瘤抑制基因之一,定位于人染色体短臂17p13.1区,长度约为16~20Kb,构成包括11个外显子和10个内含子,主要用于人体编码由393个氨基酸组成的p53核内磷酸蛋白,25Kb的mRNA是其转录产物[19-20]。p53蛋白分为两种亚型,野生型p53(wtp53)是抑癌基因,主要用来校正DNA保持正常、介导细胞凋亡。突变型p53(mtp53)通常会刺激细胞,发挥癌基因的作用,抑制细胞凋亡。已有研究证明[21-22],p53基因突变与包括呼吸系统、生殖系统等多个系统在内的原发性肿瘤密切相关。有动物模型研究发现,抑癌基因p53的缺失会导致小鼠胚胎发育畸形,具体表现为颅面畸形[23-24]。在本研究两个p53基因多态性位点与非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性分析结果中发现,rs12947788的等位基因变体A携带者(AA+GA vs GG)发生NSCL/P的风险增加(OR=1.393,95%CI 1.030~1.884,P=0.032)。除此之外其他基因型均与NSCL/P的发病风险无明显相关关系。在本研究p53基因两个多态位点与NSCL/P发病风险相关性的分析结果中,根据危险因素将研究人群的母亲进行分层时,发现两个SNPs位点中,有2个与NSCL/P发病风险增加相关。rs1042522(CC vs CG+GG)增加吸煙者母亲生下的小儿发生NSCL/P的风险(OR=2.561,95% CI=1.146~5.721,P=0.022)。rs12947788(AA+GAvsGG)可明显增加有饮酒史母亲(OR=3.235,95%CI=1.158~9.040,P=0.025)生下的小儿患NSCL/P的风险。

    对于本研究有与国内外相关研究不一致或有相矛盾的地方,可能是由于NSCL/P的发生存在着明显的种族和地域差异[25-26]所致。且基因在不同地区和人群中亦有着较大的差异性,这可能导致NSCL/P的易感基因会随着人群的不同而不同。我国种族较多,地域辽阔,大量的研究表明对于复杂的与遗传和环境相关的疾病,需要将人群通过地域分开来进行研究[27]。且本研究样本量较少,与先前国内外相关研究结果不一致也可能是由样本量不足所导致的,扩大样本量及样本收集范围后得到的研究结果可能会更具有临床意义。

    综上所述,p53基因rs12947788的等位基因变体A的携带者会增加NSCL/P的发生风险;p53基因rs12947788可明显增加有饮酒史母亲生下NSCL/P患儿的风险;p53基因rs1042522可明显增加有吸烟史母亲生下NSCL/P患儿的风险。

    [参考文献]

    [1]Wang F,Jiang Y,Yang S,et al.Associations between the NOGGIN rs227731 polymorphism and NSCL/P risk may be associated with ethnicities: A meta-analysis[J].Birth Defect Res,2017,109(6):445-451.

    [2]Monica Segura-Hernández,Víctor Manuel Valadez-Jiménez,Pablo Antonio Ysunza,et al.Acoustic analysis of voice in children with cleft lip and palate following vocal rehabilitation. Preliminary report[J].Inter J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol,2019,126:73-81.

    [3]赵安达,黄怡憬,张海峰,等.非综合征型唇腭裂DNA甲基化谱的生物信息学分析[J].上海口腔医学,2019,28(1):67-72.

    [4]Sérgio B Sousa,Pina R,Ramos L,et al.Tetra-amelia and lung hypo/aplasia syndrome: new case report and review[J].Am J Med Genet Part A,2018,146A(21):2799-2803.

    [5]Yu Wang,Jingtao Li,Yinglin Xu,et al.The accuracy of virtual surgical planning assisted management for maxillary hypoplasia in adult patients with cleft lip and palate[J].J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg,2019,5(25):168-172.

    [6]Fritzsche Sharon.Care of the Asian American child with cleft lip or palate[J].Plast Surg Nurs,2019,39(2):146-151.

    [7]Li Wenyong,Wang Mengying,Zhou Ren,et al.Exploring the interaction between FGF Genes and T-box genes among chinese nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate case-parent trios[J].Envir Molecular Mutagenesis,2019,60(7):31-37.

    [8]Brons Sander,Meulstee Jene W,Loonen Tom GJ,et al.Three-dimensional facial development of children with unilateral cleft lip and palate during the first year of life in comparison with normative average faces[J].Peer J,2019,7(15):16-21.

    [9]李三華,姚涛,陈全利,等.黔北人群MTHFR基因A1298C位点多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂的相关性研究[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(3):412-416.

    [10]Rafighdoost H,Hashemi M,Danesh H,et al.Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in AXIN2, BMP4, and IRF6 with Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in a sample of the southeast Iranian population[J].J App Oral Sci,2017,25(6):650-656.

    [11]Xu X,Pan H,Lei Y,et al.Association of MTHFR polymorphisms with nsCL/P in Chinese Uyghur population[J].Egyptian J Med Human Genet,2016,17(4):311-316.

    [12]Duffy MJ,Synnott NC,Crown J.Mutant p53 as a target for cancer treatment[J].Eur J Cancer (Oxford, England: 1990),2017,83:258-265.

    [13]温洁,陈绍水.p53基因在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义[J].国际肿瘤学杂志,2019,46(2):102-104.

    [14]Ihry RJ,Worringer KA,Salick MR,et al.p53 inhibits CRISPR-Cas9 engineering in human pluripotent stem cells[J].Nature Med,2018,24(7).

    [15]Xue-Cheng Sun,Ze-Biao Zhang,Hu Wang,et al.Comparison of three surgical models of bone tissue defects in cleft palate in rabbits[J].Inter J Pediat Otorhinolaryngol,2019,124:178-182.

    [16]Elise De Cuyper,Frederick Dochy,Els De Leenheer,et al.The impact of cleft lip and/or palate on parental quality of life: A pilot study[J].Inter J Pediat Otorhinolaryngol,2019,126:135-139.

    [17]Laura Bruneel,Cassandra Alighieri,Kim Bettens,et al.Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with cleft palate in resource-limited countries: A preliminary evaluation of the VELO questionnaire in Uganda[J].Inter J Pediat Otorhinolaryngol,2019,124:58-63.

    [18]Wang S,Zhao Y,Aguilar A,et al.Targeting the MDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction for new cancer therapy: progress and challenges[J].Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med,2017,7(5):a026245.

    [19]Merkle FT,Ghosh S,Kamitaki N,et al.Human pluripotent stem cells recurrently acquire and expand dominant negative p53 mutations[J].Nature,2017,545(7653):229-233.

    [20]Veschi V,Liu Z,Voss TC,et al.Abstract 3867: Epigenetic siRNA and chemical screens identify SETD8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to reactivate p53 in high-risk neuroblastoma[J].Cancer Res,2017,77:3867.

    [21]Arunachalam D,Pendem S,Ravi P,et al.Abnormalities of the muscles of the soft palate and their impact on auditory function in patients operated on for cleft palate: a case-control study[J].Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg,2019,57(6):335-338.

    [22]Cardoso EF,Martelli DR,Machado RA,et al.Nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate, gastric cancer and tooth agenesis[J].Med Oral Patologia Oral Y Cirugia Bucal,2018,23(1):e44.

    [23]王维,罗雅丽,程郁离.干扰素调节因子-6基因多态性与非综合征性唇腭裂易感性的Meta分析[J].中国妇幼卫生杂志,2018,9(5):16-20.

    [24]孙晓君,郭世磊.服用非甾体消炎药或阿司匹林后产生上消化道损伤风险与基因多态性相关性的Meta分析[J].中国全科医学,2019,21(23):2866-2873.

    [25]Alexander Malogolovkin,Denis Kolbasov.Genetic and antigenic diversity of African swine fever virus[J].Virus Res,2019,271:194-201.

    [26]Shiva Devkota,Ram Prasad Chaudhary,Silke Werth,et al.Genetic diversity and structure of the epiphytic foliose lichen Lobaria pindarensis in the Himalayas depends on elevation[J].Fungal Ecology,2019,41(15):139-143.

    [27]Márquez-Chávez A,Guzmán-Franco AW,Santillán-Galicia MT,et al.Effect of host plant on the genetic diversity of Tetranychus urticae Koch populations and their susceptibility to fungal infection[J].Bio Control,2019,137(6):37-42.

    [收稿日期]2019-09-11

    本文引用格式:邵帥,张莉,刘华,等.云南汉族非综合征性唇腭裂与p53基因多态性的相关性研究[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(4):108-112.